What is Vulvovaginitis and ways to prevent it

 Vulvovaginitis

Vulvovaginitis is one of the most common conditions that affects women of all ages and can significantly impact quality of life if left untreated. Though there are several reasons that cause vulvovaginitis, poor hygiene of the private area is also an important factor.

According to Senior Dermatologist Dr. K.S. Prasanna, vulvovaginitis is a common condition causing discomfort and inflammation of the vulva and vagina.

"The primary causes of vulvovaginitis vary, with the most common being bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections (candidiasis), and trichomoniasis. Even allergic reactions to hygiene products, hormonal changes, and chemical irritants can also cause it. The condition can also develop due to poor hygiene practices or wearing tight, non-breathable clothing," she said.

"Vaginal infection in pre-pubertal girls has many reasons. It could be due to behavioral, anatomic, and physiologic factors. Behavioral factors include wearing tight, non-absorbent clothing and poor hygiene, particularly when washing the genital area after using the bathroom. The use of too many chemicals like scented soaps can also cause vaginal irritation. Pinworm infection also causes vaginal irritation in children," she said.

When the vaginal discharge becomes itchy, frothy, yellowish-green, or foul-smelling, then it indicates vaginal infection either by candida, trichomonas, or bacteria. Burning, dryness, and painful coitus after menopause are due to the hormone estrogen deficiency. This condition is known as atrophic vaginitis. Also, patients who have diabetes, are on long-term immunosuppressive drugs, oral contraceptive pills, and antibiotics are more vulnerable to vaginal infection.

The common symptoms include itching, burning sensation, abnormal discharge, redness, and swelling.

Dr. Prasanna advises that maintaining proper hygiene by washing the external genital area with mild, unscented soap and water is important in preventing the condition. Always wipe from front to back after using the bathroom to prevent bacterial contamination. Wear breathable, cotton underwear and avoid tight-fitting clothes that trap moisture.

It's important to note that self-diagnosis and treatment aren't always appropriate. Women should seek medical attention if symptoms persist beyond a week, recur frequently, or are accompanied by fever, severe pain, or unusual discharge. Pregnant women should always consult their healthcare provider before starting any treatment.

"Whenever a patient develops a vaginal infection, they should immediately consult a doctor. A blood test should be done for diabetes and anaemia apart from a urine test to see any underlying urinary tract infection. The management of chronic vulvovaginal symptoms is a challenge, and it requires an organized approach. Vulvovaginal diseases are multifactorial, and these components need to be addressed simultaneously," she added.